|
Part I: Martin Luther
Chapter 1: Luther’s Context
|
|
23
|
“I thank God ... Hebrew tongue.”
|
WA 1, 379.
|
|
24
|
“our theology ... church authorities”
|
WABr 1, 99.
|
|
25
|
“If any parents ... in the manner declared”
|
cited according to E. G. Rupp and Benjamin Drewery (eds), Martin Luther (London: Edward Arnold 1970), p. 14.
|
|
26
|
“Do you not hear ... ‘you will not do so’”
|
cited according to Heiko Oberman (ed.), Die Kirche im Zeitalter der Reformation (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener 52004), 16.
|
|
26-7
|
“They preach ... out of purgatory”
|
LW 31, 25.
|
|
34-5
|
Luther efore the Diet of Worms
|
cited according to Rupp & Drewery (eds), Martin Luther, 56; 60.
|
|
43
|
“I laid a hen’s egg ... different breed”
|
Erasmus Opera (LB) LB 3, 840.
|
|
Chapter 2: Luther’s Theology
|
|
55
|
“I would have been ... to oblivion”
|
LW 34, 383.
|
|
|
“You should know ... this one alone”
|
LW 34, 285.
|
|
|
“Kneel down ... give you understanding”
|
LW 34, 286.
|
|
55-6
|
“repeating and comparing ... by them”
|
LW 34, 286.
|
|
56
|
“tentatio ... wisdom beyond all wisdom”
|
LW 34, 287.
|
|
|
“crude and disordered ... every language”
|
LW 34, 327.
|
|
57
|
“a most enthusiastic papist ... abomination”
|
LW 34, 328.
|
|
Penitence, grace, and justification by faith
|
|
57
|
“I was indeed a good monk ... have done”
|
WA 38, 143.
|
|
57-8
|
“I went to confession ... continually made it”
|
LW 27, 13.
|
|
58
|
“Then God appears ... all is accusation”
|
WA 1, 557.
|
|
58-9
|
“Your words ... pleasant to me than that”
|
WA 1, 525.
|
|
59
|
“The commands of God ... sweetest Saviour”
|
WA 1, 525.
|
|
|
“who comprehends ... suffering and the cross”
|
LW 31, 40.
|
|
60
|
“so that penitence or metanoia ... your error”
|
WA 1, 525.
|
|
|
“When our Lord and Master ... of repentance”
|
LW 31, 25.
|
|
|
“Christians are to be taught ... become better”
|
LW 31, 29.
|
|
60-1
|
“Human works ... everything is already done”
|
LW 31, 39; 41.
|
|
61
|
“‘Judgment’ [iudicium] ... there is Christ”
|
LW 10, 30; 32.
|
|
62
|
“no-one can say ... uttered these words”
|
LW10, 395.
|
|
|
“Even when the soul ... exile of this life”
|
LW 10, 395.
|
|
|
62-3 “We must be taught ... and is alien”
|
LW 25, 136.
|
|
63
|
“By the righteousness ... cause of salvation”
|
LW 25, 151.
|
|
|
“[God] Himself ... as righteous.”
|
LW 25, 206.
|
|
|
“We are all born ... faith in His Word”
|
LW 25, 274.
|
|
63-4
|
“I began to understand ... the glory of God”
|
LW 34, 337.
|
|
64
|
“God in His words ... liars, weak, evil”
|
LW 25, 204.
|
|
|
“The chief purpose ... great works”
|
LW 25, 135.
|
|
65
|
“that it was sufficient … good men”
|
LW 25, 135.
|
|
66
|
“the person ... becomes doubly guilty”
|
LW 31, 40.
|
|
|
“true faith ... united with her bridegroom”
|
LW 31, 347-351.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Law and Gospel
|
|
67
|
“the Gospel... grasped by faith”
|
LW 10, 30.
|
|
|
“rod of iron ... ( it ... banishes sloth), etc.”
|
LW 10, 35-36.
|
|
68
|
“the law of the Gospel ... without a covering”
|
LW 10, 37.
|
|
|
“were born ... out of Holy Scripture”
|
LW 11, 54.
|
|
|
“the doers of the Law ... works of the Law”
|
LW 25, 184; 189; 219.
|
|
|
“works of the law … to be righteous”
|
LW 25, 240.
|
|
69
|
“the old law says … ‘Christ and His Spirit’ ”
|
LW 25, 327.
|
|
|
“For the Law … faith in Christ”
|
LW 25, 416.
|
|
69-70
|
“The Law is a taskmaster … being offered”
|
LW 26, 209.
|
|
70
|
“The people of the Law … ‘to do it’ ”
|
LW 25, 251.
|
|
71
|
“The New Testament … laws and threats”
|
LW 33,150.
|
|
|
“the patriarchs … circumcision or the Law”
|
LW 26, 85.
|
|
|
“the patriarchs … faith in the coming Christ”
|
LW 26, 210.
|
|
72
|
“A Christian … subject to all”
|
LW 31, 344.
|
|
|
“Therefore, wonderful … does not remain.”
|
LW 25, 258.
|
|
|
“as one and the same … things of God”
|
LW 25, 66.
|
|
|
“a sinner in fact … completely cured him.”
|
LW 25, 260.
|
|
73
|
“Our faith in Christ … acquired by works”
|
LW 31, 373.
|
|
|
“In this life … not held in check”
|
LW 31,359.
|
|
74
|
“Good works … ‘bear good fruit’ ”
|
LW 31, 361.
|
|
|
“if a man were not … damnable sins”
|
LW 31, 361.
|
|
74-5
|
“exhortations … tribulations of the world”
|
LW 33, 150.
|
|
75
|
“From faith … gain or loss.”
|
LW 31, 367.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Free will and works
|
|
78-9
|
“He has no idea … nothing at all”
|
LW 33, 150.
|
|
79
|
“faculties and possessions … will of Satan”
|
LW 33, 70.
|
|
|
“What need is there … toward evil?”
|
LW 33, 125.
|
|
80
|
“Free will … in an active capacity”
|
LW 31, 40.
|
|
|
“not that it is nothing … except to do evil”
|
LW 31, 49.
|
|
|
“It is a profound and blind error … desire it”
|
LW 32, 93.
|
|
|
“We can do nothing … God works it in us”
|
LW 33, 149.
|
|
80-1
|
“This sentence is correct … would not happen”
|
LW 25, 162.
|
|
81
|
“works life, death, and all in all”
|
LW 33, 140.
|
|
|
“when God makes alive … under iniquity”
|
LW 33, 62.
|
|
|
“visible and manifest … hidden in suffering”
|
LW 31, 53.
|
|
|
“this is the highest degree … damnable”
|
LW 33, 62.
|
|
82
|
“these statements … among experts”
|
LW 25, 162.
|
|
|
“we are to trust … delivered from all evil”
|
Large Catechism, Ten Commandments I, §24-25.
|
|
83
|
“The first and highest … faith in Christ”
|
WA 6, 204.
|
|
|
“faithfulness, confidence deep in the heart”
|
WA 6, 209.
|
|
|
“keeping the first commandment … trust”
|
WA 6, 212.
|
|
|
“when the heart … clings to him”
|
Large Catechism, Ten Commandments, 1.
|
|
|
“you will not find … thinking of them”
|
Large Catechism, Intro 10.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sacraments
|
|
85
|
“Any true Christian … indulgence letters”
|
Thesis 37, LW 31, 29.
|
|
86
|
“until I learn … they are sacraments”
|
WABr 1, 594-5
|
|
87
|
“The first is absolution … shall be loosed”
|
LW 35, 11.
|
|
|
“it is called a sacrament … set at peace”
|
LW 35, 11.
|
|
|
“is useful … distressed consciences”
|
LW 36, 86.
|
|
87-8
|
“any Christian … you are surely absolved”
|
LW 35, 12.
|
|
88
|
“oppressed by … greed and superstition”
|
LW 36, 57.
|
|
|
“the old man … rises again through baptism”
|
LW 36, 68.
|
|
|
“in those … a new will emerges”
|
LW 26, 353.
|
|
88-9
|
“the significance of baptism … the Last Day”
|
LW 35, 29; 30-31.
|
|
89
|
“baptism is an external sign … of Christ”
|
LW 35, 29.
|
|
|
“[we] must have no doubt … profit us nothing”
|
LW 36, 59.
|
|
|
“it is not baptism … baptism is added”
|
LW 36, 66.
|
|
90
|
“for the world … Christian in name”
|
LW 45, 91.
|
|
|
“infants are aided… by inpoured faith”
|
LW 36, 73.
|
|
|
“discern the hearts … they believe”
|
LW 40, 239.
|
|
|
“may and can believe… understand”
|
LW 40, 242.
|
|
|
“Faith does not exist … baptism is complete”
|
LW 40, 246.
|
|
91
|
“that holy baptism … eternal life”
|
LW 38, 87.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Eucharist
|
|
92
|
“we all believe … by the Holy Spirit”
|
LW 38, 87-88.
|
|
|
“at this time … in the bread and wine”
|
LW 38, 88.
|
|
93
|
“fellowship of all the saints”
|
LW 35, 50.
|
|
|
“spiritual possessions of Christ and his saints”
|
LW 35, 51.
|
|
|
“just as the bread … no such change”
|
LW 35, 59.
|
|
93-4
|
“[Christ] gave … the spiritual body”
|
LW 35, 59.
|
|
94
|
“It is more needful … through love”
|
LW 35, 62.
|
|
|
“I do not urge … by force”
|
LW 36, 28.
|
|
95
|
“what is asserted … need not be believed”
|
LW 36, 29.
|
|
|
“by far the most wicked … business”
|
LW 36, 35.
|
|
96
|
“what we call the mass … Son of God”
|
LW 36, 38.
|
|
|
“life and salvation … fruits of the mass”
|
LW 36, 40; 45.
|
|
|
“are simply there … and vice versa”
|
LW 36, 35.
|
|
96-7
|
“is present everywhere… in the right way”
|
LW 36, 342.
|
|
97
|
“Christ does not permit … a daily miracle”
|
LW 36, 340.
|
|
97-8
|
“the right hand of God … God himself”
|
LW 37, 63.
|
|
98
|
“are not so foolish … wine in a cup”
|
LW 37, 65.
|
|
|
“the bright rays of the sun … grasped”
|
LW 37, 68.
|
|
|
“bread and wine … the Word of God”
|
Large Catechism, Lord’s Supper, 9.
|
|
|
“that faith .. ever stronger and stronger”
|
Large Catechism, Supper, 24.
|
|
98-9
|
“the primary benefit … he has rescued you”
|
LW 38, 126.
|
|
99
|
“where such faith … of the devil”
|
LW 38, 127.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Church and State
|
|
99
|
“Romanists … reform them”
|
LW 44, 126.
|
|
100
|
“nothing else … a smith, a peasant”
|
LW 44, 129.
|
|
100-1
|
“those who are now called … work and office”
|
LW 44, 130.
|
|
101
|
“[bore] the sword … protect the good”
|
LW 44, 130.
|
|
|
“regardless of whether … let him suffer”
|
LW 44, 131.
|
|
|
“suppose a group … popes in the world”
|
LW 44, 128.
|
|
103
|
“both must … prevent evil deeds”
|
LW 45, 92.
|
|
|
“in what concerns you… your neighbour”
|
LW 45, 96.
|
|
|
“serve God in government.”
|
LW 45, 100.
|
|
103-4
|
“In Meissen, … conform, or obey”
|
LW 45, 112.
|
|
104
|
“the benefit, honour, and salvation of others”
|
LW 45,118.
|
|
|
Notbischof
|
WA 53, 255.
|
|
|
“God’s executioners … outward peace”
|
LW 45, 113.
|
|
105
|
“You do not cease … cannot bear it any longer”
|
LW 46, 19.
|
|
|
“The rulers … life and being consist”
|
LW 46, 26.
|
|
106
|
“Christ says … let things be taken from us”
|
LW 46, 28.
|
|
|
“three terrible sins … in body and soul”
|
LW 46, 49.
|
|
106-7
|
“In this world … the distinction ceases”
|
LW 26, 98.
|
|
107
|
“Where religion … confusion would result”
|
LW 26, 97.
|
|
Part II: John Calvin
Chapter 3 Calvin’s Context
|
|
23
|
“I thank God ... Hebrew tongue.”
|
WA 1, 379.
|
|
119
|
“sudden … novice and beginner”
|
Preface to Commentary on the Book of Psalms, vol. 1 (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans 1948), xl–xli.
|
|
119-20
|
“The Law … the fires of hell”
|
Institutes 1536, 369.
|
|
120
|
“We are very troubled … sect swarms”
|
Institutes 1536, xviii.
|
|
122
|
“My purpose … a slight knowledge of him”
|
Institutes 1536, 1; 1559, 9.
|
|
123
|
“Anabaptists … all civil order”
|
Calvini Opera 31, 26.
|
|
125-6
|
“Since the most direct road … particular office”
|
Calvini Opera 31, 26.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chapter 4: Calvin’s Theology
|
|
146
|
“God raised up … our churches”
|
Texts and Treatises I, 125.
|
|
Grace, justification and predestination
|
|
149
|
“does not gain … equal degree”
|
Institutes 1559 III, xxi, 1.
|
|
|
“our salvation … the Lord alone”
|
Institutes 1559 III, xxi, 1.
|
|
|
“to be on so many counts … on one”
|
Institutes 1559 III, xxiv, 14.
|
|
149-50
|
“Nearly all the wisdom … stranger”
|
Institutes 1536, I, 1-2.
|
|
150
|
“we are born … knowing God”
|
Institutes 1541, 29.
|
|
|
“the human … corruption”
|
Institutes 1541, 114.
|
|
|
“quite clearly… reposing in God”
|
Institutes 1559 I, i, 1.
|
|
|
“If we implore … to do all things”
|
Institutes 1536, I, 5.
|
|
|
“There is no-one … to do his duty”
|
Institutes 1536, I, 3.
|
|
151
|
“a mirror for us … our face in a mirror”
|
Institutes 1536, I, 4.
|
|
|
“After we descend … gentle, indulgent”
|
Institutes 1536, I, 5.
|
|
|
“if we implore … no doubt grant it to us”
|
Institutes 1536, I, 4.
|
|
|
“He bestows on us … his commandments”
|
Institutes 1536, I, 5.
|
|
|
“which include free … power and truth”
|
Institutes 1536, I, 6.
|
|
|
“not from ourselves … his sweetness”
|
Institutes 1536, I, 6.
|
|
152
|
“That person … but as righteous”
|
Institutes 1541, 319.
|
|
|
“completely empty and poor”
|
Institutes 1541, 330.
|
|
|
“If we seek salvation … heavenly kingdom”
|
Institutes 1541, 434.
|
|
|
“we, being adopted … His grace and love”
|
Institutes 1541, 434.
|
|
153
|
“When God’s mercy … get no good from it”
|
Institutes 1541, 444.
|
|
|
“with wisdom … each thing to its end”
|
Institutes 1541, 444.
|
|
|
“rests not on ignorance … and life”
|
Institutes 1559, III, ii, 2.
|
|
|
“submitting your … to the church”
|
Institutes 1559, III, ii, 2-3.
|
|
|
“a knowledge … perceived from his Word”
|
Institutes 1559, III, ii, 6.
|
|
|
“that our salvation … Father is merciful”
|
Institutes 1559, III, ii, 7.
|
|
154
|
“Upon grace alone the heart of man can rest”
|
Institutes 1559, III, ii, 7.
|
|
Reason, revelation, and knowledge of God
|
|
154
|
“Let us take it … some feeling of divinity”
|
Institutes 1541, 25; Institutes 1559 I, iii, 1.
|
|
|
“They do not … by their presumption”
|
Institutes 1541, 27; Institutes 1559 I, iv, 3-4.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
“The faithful heart … He reveals Himself”
|
Institutes 1541, 29.
|
|
|
“in such a fashion… for our salvation”
|
Institutes 1541, 30.
|
|
155
|
“No matter … infinite abundance of light”
|
Institutes 1541, 30; Institutes 1559 I, v, 1.
|
|
|
“there are endless proofs … wisdom”
|
Institutes 1541, 31; Institutes 1559 I, iv, 2.
|
|
|
“which are difficult … and usefulness”
|
Institutes 1541, 31.
|
|
156
|
“lamps in the edifice … through faith”
|
Institutes 1541, 35.
|
|
|
“physics, dialectics, … does not underlie it”
|
Institutes 1559 II, ii, 16.
|
|
|
“boundless filthy mire of error”
|
Institutes 1559 I, v, 12.
|
|
|
“although we lack … lies within us”
|
Institutes 1559 I, v, 25.
|
|
|
“something of understanding … effectively”
|
Institutes 1559 II, ii, 12.
|
|
157
|
“credibility of doctrine … the Holy Spirit”
|
Institutes 1559 I, vii, 4.
|
|
|
“sent down the Spirit … of the Word”
|
Institutes 1559 I, ix, 3.
|
|
|
“was so bound …cannot strive after the right”
|
Institutes 1559 II, ii, 12.
|
|
|
“Nothing good … not from ourselves”
|
Institutes 1559 II, iii, 8.
|
|
158
|
“teaches us God’s will … face in a mirror”
|
Institutes 1536, I, C, 4; Institutes 1559 II, iv, 7.
|
|
|
“The miserable ruin … look upward”
|
Institutes 1559, I, i, 1.
|
|
|
“since it is not in our power … indulgent”
|
Institutes 1536, I, C, 4.
|
|
|
“this very written law … teaching us within”
|
Institutes 1536, I, C, 4.
|
|
159
|
“believers … the Lord’s will is like”
|
Institutes 1536, I, H, 33; Institutes 1559 II, vii, 6, 7, 10, 12.
|
|
|
“principle use… proper purpose of the law”
|
Institutes 1559 II, iv, 12; Institutes 1541, 171.
|
|
159-60
|
“Even if the promises … their condition”
|
Institutes 1559 II, vii, 4.
|
|
160
|
“always erroneously … what is his own”
|
Institutes 1559 II, ix, 4.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The church and the sacraments
|
|
|
|
|
|
161
|
“wherever we see … church of God exists”
|
Institutes 1536, II, B, 29; Institutes 1559 IV, i, 9.
|
|
|
“the administration … reverently kept”
|
Institutes 1536, 629; 636.
|
|
|
“whole office … the preaching of that word”
|
Institutes 1536, 642.
|
|
162
|
“who are children of God … the Holy Spirit”
|
Institutes 1559 IV, i, 7.
|
|
|
“the whole multitude … one God and Christ”
|
Institutes 1559 IV, i, 7.
|
|
|
“our unity in true doctrine … appearance”
|
Institutes 1559 IV, i, 7.
|
|
|
“mingled of good men and bad”
|
Institutes 1559 IV, i, 13.
|
|
|
|
|
|
163
|
“God provides … more evident to us”
|
Institutes 1536, IV, A, 1.
|
|
|
“the seals … seal what is written”
|
Institutes 1536, IV, A, 1; Institutes 1559 IV, xiv, 5.
|
|
|
“are exercises … of God’s word”
|
Institutes 1536, IV, A, 2.
|
|
|
“marks and badges … seal his grace to us”
|
Consensus Tigurinus, article 7.
|
|
164
|
“they have the special trait … in a painting”
|
Institutes 1541, 496.
|
|
|
“pillars of our faith … to know Him”
|
Institutes 1541, 497.
|
|
|
“witnesses of God’s grace”
|
Institutes 1541, 498.
|
|
|
“feeds our bodies … through these instruments”
|
Institutes 1559, IV, xiv, 12.
|
|
|
“to engender, … and establish faith”
|
Institutes 1541, 499.
|
|
164-5
|
“was given to us … before people”
|
Institutes 1536, IV, B, 11.
|
|
165
|
“a symbol of our cleansing … to [God’s] sight”
|
Institutes 1536, IV, b, 12; 14; 15; 19.
|
|
|
“Those who are disturbed… pass to the Lord”
|
Institutes 1536 IV, B, 18.
|
|
|
“possess faith … prisonhouse of corruption”
|
Institutes 1536 IV, B, 23.
|
|
166
|
“to comfort … completely to God”
|
Institutes 1541, 526-527.
|
|
|
“the sign of initiation … into the Church”
|
Institutes 1559 IV, xv, 1.
|
|
|
“both to the believers … infants themselves”
|
Institutes 1559 IV, xvi, 1.
|
|
|
“fruit of sweetness … ours to reckon as his”
|
Institutes 1536 IV, C, 24.
|
|
167
|
“becoming Son of man … of God with him”
|
Institutes 1536 IV, C, 24.
|
|
|
“as bread nourishes … our spiritual life”
|
Institutes 1536 IV, C, 25.
|
|
|
“that we must truly consider … shown to us”
|
Institutes 1536 IV, C, 25.
|
|
|
“neither bounded … by any limits”
|
Institutes 1536 IV, C, 29.
|
|
|
“Uncircumscribed … present in the body”
|
Institutes 1536 IV, C, 29.
|
|
|
“We obviously mean … with in his body”
|
Institutes 1536 IV, C, 30.
|
|
168
|
“We must not imagine … comes down to us”
|
Institutes 1541, 556.
|
|
|
“truly unites things separated in space”
|
Institutes 1559 IV, xvii, 10.
|
|
|
“In his Sacred supper … I receive them”
|
Institutes 1559 IV, xvii, 31-32.
|
|
|
“to declare Christ’s death until he come”
|
Institutes 1536 IV, C, 33.
|
|
169
|
“and that as no part … compassion for him”
|
Institutes 1536 IV, C, 34.
|
|
|
“turned into deadly poison”
|
Institutes 1536 IV, C, 35.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Church and state
|
|
170
|
“there is a two-fold government … civil life”
|
Institutes 1536 VI, A, 13.
|
|
170-1
|
“resides … honourably and temperately”
|
Institutes 1536 VI, A, 13.
|
|
171
|
“idolatry, sacrilege … against religion”
|
Institutes 1536 VI, C, 37.
|
|
|
“to make laws … the worship of God”
|
Institutes 1536 VI, C, 37.
|
|
|
“It makes no difference … in these things”
|
Institutes 1536 VI, C, 36.
|
|
171-2
|
“if it is the Lord’s will … very humanity”
|
Institutes 1536 VI, C, 36.
|
|
172
|
“the magistrate … obey the magistrate”
|
Institutes 1536, VI, C, 38.
|
|
|
“safer and more bearable … one another”
|
Institutes 1559, IV, xx, 8.
|
|
|
“a father of this country … innocence”
|
Institutes 1559, IV, xx, 24.
|
